Cushing’s Syndrome is a relatively rare but serious condition that occurs when your body is exposed to high levels of the hormone cortisol over an extended period. Cortisol is often called the “stress hormone” because it’s involved in the body’s response to stress, but it also plays a critical role in many other functions, such as regulating blood sugar, reducing inflammation, and controlling the sleep-wake cycle. In this blog post, we’ll explore the causes, symptoms, and treatments of Cushing’s Syndrome, and discuss how osteopathy at Thrive Body Clinic can support individuals dealing with this condition.

What is Cushing’s Syndrome?

Cushing’s Syndrome, also known as hypercortisolism, is a hormonal disorder caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol. The condition can occur at any age, but it is most commonly diagnosed in adults aged 20 to 50 years. It affects women more often than men.

Cortisol is produced by the adrenal glands, which sit atop the kidneys. It helps regulate various essential body functions. However, when the body produces too much cortisol or when cortisol-like medications (such as corticosteroids) are taken in high doses for long periods, the balance is disrupted, leading to the development of Cushing’s Syndrome.

Common Causes of Cushing’s Syndrome

Cushing’s Syndrome can develop due to a variety of reasons, often categorized as endogenous or exogenous.

1. Endogenous Causes: These involve the body’s own overproduction of cortisol. The most common endogenous cause is Cushing’s Disease, which accounts for about 70% of cases of Cushing’s Syndrome. Cushing’s Disease occurs when a benign tumour (adenoma) develops on the pituitary gland at the base of the brain. This tumour secretes an excessive amount of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the adrenal glands to produce too much cortisol.

Other endogenous causes include:

• Adrenal Tumours: These are rare, but they can directly cause the adrenal glands to secrete excess cortisol.
• Ectopic ACTH Syndrome: This occurs when tumours located outside the pituitary gland (such as in the lungs, pancreas, or thyroid) produce ACTH, leading to excess cortisol production.

2. Exogenous Causes: Exogenous Cushing’s Syndrome is caused by taking cortisol-like medications, particularly corticosteroids, over a long period. These medications are often prescribed to treat inflammatory conditions such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus, or to prevent organ transplant rejection. Because these medications mimic cortisol, they can lead to the same symptoms as the body’s overproduction of the hormone.

Symptoms of Cushing’s Syndrome

The symptoms of Cushing’s Syndrome can vary widely depending on the level of excess cortisol and the duration of exposure. Common signs and symptoms include:

• Weight Gain and Fat Distribution: One of the hallmark signs of Cushing’s Syndrome is rapid weight gain, particularly around the abdomen, face (leading to a “moon face” appearance), and upper back (often called a “buffalo hump”).
• Skin Changes: The skin may become fragile and thin, leading to easy bruising and slow healing of cuts, bites, and infections. Pink or purple stretch marks (striae) may develop on the abdomen, thighs, breasts, and arms.
• Muscle Weakness: The condition can lead to muscle weakness, particularly in the upper arms and legs.
• Bone Health: Osteoporosis, or thinning of the bones, is common in Cushing’s Syndrome, which can increase the risk of fractures.
• High Blood Pressure: Elevated cortisol levels can cause high blood pressure, which may lead to cardiovascular issues if left untreated.
• Mood Swings and Mental Health: Many people with Cushing’s Syndrome experience mood changes, such as irritability, anxiety, or depression. Cognitive difficulties, such as memory and concentration issues, can also occur.
• Increased Risk of Infections: High cortisol levels suppress the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections.
• Hormonal Imbalances: Women may experience irregular or absent menstrual periods, while men may experience reduced libido, erectile dysfunction, and infertility.

Treatment for Cushing’s Syndrome

The treatment for Cushing’s Syndrome depends on the underlying cause. The primary goal is to reduce the cortisol levels in the body, either by addressing the source of the excess hormone production or by adjusting the dosage of corticosteroid medications.

1. Surgery: Surgery is often the first line of treatment, especially in cases of Cushing’s Disease caused by a pituitary adenoma. The tumour can usually be removed through a minimally invasive procedure known as transsphenoidal surgery. If the cause is an adrenal tumour, adrenalectomy (removal of the adrenal gland) may be necessary.

2. Radiation Therapy: For patients who are not candidates for surgery or if the entire tumour cannot be removed, radiation therapy may be used to target and destroy the tumour cells.

3. Medications: Medications can be prescribed to help control cortisol production when surgery or radiation is not viable. These medications may include ketoconazole, mitotane, or metyrapone, which inhibit cortisol synthesis.

4. Gradual Tapering of Corticosteroids: If Cushing’s Syndrome is caused by long-term corticosteroid use, your doctor will work with you to gradually reduce the dosage to the lowest possible amount that still manages your underlying condition.

How Osteopathy Can Help with Cushing’s Syndrome

While osteopathy cannot directly treat the hormonal imbalance caused by Cushing’s Syndrome, it can play a vital role in managing and alleviating some of the associated symptoms. At Thrive Body Clinic, we approach each patient with a personalized treatment plan designed to support overall health and well-being.

1. Pain Management: Osteopathy can be highly effective in managing musculoskeletal pain, a common issue for individuals with Cushing’s Syndrome. The weight gain, muscle weakness, and osteoporosis associated with the condition can lead to joint and back pain. Osteopathic techniques such as gentle manipulation, stretching, and soft tissue massage can help relieve pain, improve mobility, and restore function.

2. Improving Mobility and Muscle Strength: Through tailored exercises and physical therapy, osteopathy can help improve muscle strength and joint mobility. This is particularly important for patients experiencing muscle weakness and reduced physical activity due to the syndrome.

3. Enhancing Circulation and Reducing Swelling: Cushing’s Syndrome can lead to poor circulation and fluid retention, resulting in swelling, particularly in the lower limbs. Osteopathic treatment can help stimulate blood flow, reduce swelling, and promote better lymphatic drainage, which can ease discomfort.

4. Supporting Mental and Emotional Well-Being: The physical symptoms of Cushing’s Syndrome often contribute to emotional distress, anxiety, and depression. Osteopathy, through its holistic approach, aims to restore balance in the body, which can have a positive impact on mental health. By reducing physical pain and improving overall function, patients may also experience an improvement in mood and mental clarity.

5. Complementary Care: Osteopathy can be an excellent complement to conventional medical treatments for Cushing’s Syndrome. By working closely with your healthcare team, the practitioners at Thrive Body Clinic can help ensure that all aspects of your health are addressed.

Conclusion

Cushing’s Syndrome is a complex condition that requires comprehensive management and care. At Thrive Body Clinic, we are dedicated to supporting individuals with Cushing’s Syndrome through holistic, patient-centred osteopathic care. Our goal is to help you manage symptoms, improve your quality of life, and support your journey toward better health. If you or someone you know is dealing with Cushing’s Syndrome, we invite you to contact us and learn more about how our osteopathic treatments can help.